Induction Driven Lighting

ABSTRACT

An inductive power system including an inductive power transmitter coupled to a non-conductive medium, and a power cord that electrically couples the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. There is an inductive power receiver coupled to the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power. A power cord electrically couples the developed power to a power sink.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of and claims the priority of application Ser. No. 16/590,970 filed on Oct. 2, 2019, which itself is a continuation of and claims the priority of PCT/US19/17568, filed on Feb. 12, 2019, which itself claimed priority of Provisional Application 62/638,156, filed on Mar. 4, 2018 and Provisional Application 62/716,017, filed on Aug. 8, 2018. The entire disclosure of all of these prior applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

This application relates principally to lighting powered through induction as well as other applications and power sinks powered through induction.

During the Advent and Christmas season, it's common to see wreaths hung both inside and on the outside of buildings. In the latter case, wreaths are often hung to adorn doors, windows and other architectural elements. Modern wreaths may be made of either plant material (quite often from “evergreens”) or of artificial material meant to resemble plant material. In addition, wreaths may be ornamented with decorative elements such as pine cones, holly berries, ribbons and so on. Ornamentation may also include an array of miniature electric lights in a manner similar to that of the ornamentation of a Christmas tree.

This innovation in part addresses issues associated with Lighted Window Wreaths and other outdoor ornamentation; delivering power reliably to the miniature electric lights.

Currently there are three methods of powering the miniature electric lights of outdoor ornamentation such as wreaths:

1. The lights can be powered by AC current. This requires that AC power cords be wired from an outdoor electrical outlet to each Lighted Window Wreath. These wires may be bulky, unsightly and introduce the potential danger of electrical shock.

2. The lights can be powered by a self-contained DC battery pack. Depending on how long the lights are illuminated and the capacity of the batteries being used, this approach requires that the batteries be replaced one or more times during the Holiday Season.

3. The lights can be powered by an array of photovoltaic cells (“Solar Panel”) matched with rechargeable batteries wired to the lights. This approach requires sufficient sunlight to charge the batteries to the capacity necessary for each use cycle; a requirement that may render this method undesirable in geographic areas where sufficient sunlight cannot be assured. Also, the placement of the Solar Panel may be inconvenient or distract from the desired esthetic effect.

SUMMARY

The innovations embodied herein address the limitations of the current methods of powering electric lights in a number of applications in structures intended for living and working as well as in certain vehicles.

The innovations taught herein can also be applied to other power sinks, form-factors and embodiments beyond powering electric lights and include but are not limited to powering ice and snow melting devices, sound-generating devices, lawn and garden ornamentation, mechanical devices and security devices.

In general, the Induction Driven Lighting Innovations disclosed herein use Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology to provide energy through a non-metallic (non-conductive) medium—such as wood, plastic or glass - from a source separated and/or hidden from view to the instrument that receives the power and produces the lighting. As is known in the technical field, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.

In one aspect an inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter coupled to a non-conductive medium, a power cord that electrically couples the transmitter to an AC power source, wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power, an inductive power receiver coupled to the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power, and a power cord that electrically couples the developed power to a power sink.

The power sink may comprise a plurality of lights, where the lights are carried by a wreath. The power sink may comprise at least one of a lamp, a sign, an electric candle, a floor lamp, a table lamp, the electric components of a medical laboratory specimen drop/lock box, a heating element, a cooling element, a wireless transceiver, a video camera, an electrically-powered outdoor appliance, an electric insect killer, and electrically-powered lawn and garden ornamentation.

The inductive power system may further comprise a system to move the transmitter. The system to move the transmitter may be located between joists under a subfloor. The inductive power system may further comprise a system for locating the receiver relative to the transmitter. The system for locating the receiver relative to the transmitter may comprise a magnet in the transmitter and a magnet in the receiver.

The inductive power system may further comprise a power lock-out switch that is part of the transmitter, wherein the switch is configured to energize the transmitter when the switch is in contact or nearly in contact with the non-conductive medium, and de-energize the transmitter when the switch is not in contact or near contact with the non-conductive medium. The inductive power system may further comprise proximity sensing circuitry incorporated into the transmitter and configured to energize the transmitter when the transmitter is in the proximity of the receiver and de-energize the transmitter when the transmitter is not in the proximity of the receiver. The non-conductive medium may comprise a window pane. The window pane may comprise opposed first and second surfaces, and wherein the transmitter is coupled to the first surface of the window pane and the receiver is coupled to the second surface of the window pane. The power sink may comprise a dual-mode light bulb.

The transmitter may be located below a sub-floor in a structure. The power sink may comprise at least one of a holiday tree, a floor lamp, or a table lamp. The receiver may be built into furniture or a structure of a home or building. The transmitter and receiver may be coupled to the non-conductive medium with suction cups, and the system may further comprise a first enclosure for the transmitter and a second enclosure for the receiver.

The transmitter as described herein may be embodied or embedded in a housing or enclosure separate from the AC/DC power converter and connected by wire. Likewise, as stated previously, the receiver may be embodied or embedded in a housing or enclosure separate from the sink and connected by wire. Alternatively, the transmitter may be carried by and integral to the structure of the AC/DC power converter. Likewise, the receiver may be carried by and integral to the structure of the sink.

This innovation also addresses issues associated with the prevention and remediation of ice dams caused by snow and ice buildup on the roofs and in the rain gutters of a building structure.

An ice dam is an ice build-up on the eaves of sloped roofs of heated buildings that results from melting snow under a snow pack reaching the eave and freezing there. Freezing at the eave impedes the drainage of meltwater, which adds to the ice dam and causes backup of the meltwater, which may cause water leakage into the roof and consequent damage to the building and its contents if the water leaks through the roof.

Ice dams on sloped roofs can be mitigated in several ways including assuring sufficient insulation in the roof, providing ventilation under the roofing material and installing heat tape or heat cables that create channels for meltwater to escape. In the case of the latter, these heating elements may be affixed to the roof shingles and/or rain gutters at the roof line and are traditionally powered by A/C current. This approach may be inconvenient and dangerous owing to the fact that the AC mains outlets on a building are generally at the ground level whereas the roof line may be one or more stories above the ground level.

To more efficiently address these challenges, this application teaches an inductive power system, comprising an inductive power transmitter that is configured to be coupled to a surface of a building, a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source inside of the building wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. Furthermore, an inductive power receiver is configured to be coupled to an opposed building surface directly opposite the transmitter and configured to receive the electromagnetic field and in response develop power. A heating element is configured to be electrically coupled to the developed power and affixed to an exterior of a building and operated so as to melt snow and ice. Furthermore, this heating element may or may not be segmented into a plurality of separately-energized heating segments but regardless, each heating segment is to be configured so as to be energized until it reaches a set-point temperature above the freezing point. In an embodiment in which the heating element is segmented as described, a control element will be provided and incorporated that is configured to sequentially switch power between heating segments as the heating segments reach the set-point temperature.

In an aspect an inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter in a transmitter enclosure that is configured to be fixed to a first side of a non-conductive medium, and a power cord that is configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. There is an inductive power receiver in a receiver enclosure that is configured to be fixed to a second, opposed side of the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter by the non-conductive medium, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power. An electrical conductor such as a power cord or other wiring that may be internal to or external to the power sink is configured to electrically couple the developed power to a power sink that uses the developed power.

In some examples at least one of the transmitter enclosure and the receiver enclosure is configured to be fixed to the first side of the non-conductive medium by an adhesive strip. In an example the inductive power system also includes a peel-away protective cover on the adhesive strip, wherein the cover is doubled back on itself such that when the transmitter enclosure or the receiver enclosure is positioned and in close proximity to or in direct contact with the non-conductive medium, a free end of the cover can be pulled down, to peel the cover off of the adhesive so that the transmitter enclosure or the receiver enclosure can be adhered to the non-conductive medium. In an example the power sink comprises at least one of a lamp, a sign, an electric candle, a floor lamp, a table lamp, electric components of a medical laboratory specimen drop/lock box, a heating element, a wireless transceiver, a video camera, a cooling element, an electrically-powered outdoor appliance, an electric insect killer, and electrically-powered lawn and garden ornamentation. In an example the receiver enclosure comprises or is carried by or within the power sink.

In some examples the transmitter enclosure is configured to be located under a floor of a structure. In an example the transmitter enclosure is configured to be located between floor joists that are under the floor. In an example the inductive power system also includes a system to move the transmitter enclosure. In an example the system to move the transmitter enclosure comprises a track that is configured to enable the transmitter enclosure to move along a length of a gap between the floor joists. In an example the system to move the transmitter enclosure further comprises a wheeled conveyance that is configured to move along the track and carries the transmitter enclosure. In an example the inductive power system also includes a power retrofit device that comprises a standard mains power electrical outlet that is electrically coupled to the receiver, wherein the power sink can be plugged into the standard mains power electrical outlet.

In another aspect an inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter configured to be fixed to a first side of a translucent or clear non-conductive medium, and a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. An inductive power receiver is configured to be fixed to a second, opposed side of the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter by the non-conductive medium, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power. A power cord is configured to electrically couple the developed power to a power sink that uses the developed power. A locating system for locating the transmitter relative to the receiver includes a visual target on the receiver and a sighting opening on the transmitter through which the visual target can be seen when the transmitter is properly located relative to the receiver such that the receiver is able to develop power.

In an example the visual target comprises a cross-hairs symbol. In an example the visual target comprises a light. In an example the light is energized only when power is developed by the receiver, and the light is energized only for a limited duration. In an example the power sink comprises a heating element. In an example the power sink comprises a lighted wreath.

In another aspect an inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter that is configured to be coupled to a surface of a building and a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. An inductive power receiver is configured to be coupled to an opposed building surface directly opposite the transmitter and that is configured to receive the electromagnetic field and in response develop power. A heating element is configured to be electrically coupled to the developed power.

In an example the heating element is configured to be coupled to an exterior of a building and operated so as to melt snow or ice. In an example the heating element is segmented into a plurality of separately-energized heating segments. In an example each heating segment is configured to be energized until it reaches a set-point temperature above the freezing point. In an example the inductive power system also includes a control element that is configured to sequentially switch power between heating segments as the heating segments reach the set-point temperature.

In another aspect an inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter configured to be coupled to a surface of a building and a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. A receiver enclosure is configured to be coupled to an opposed building surface directly opposite the transmitter. An inductive power receiver is located within the receiver enclosure, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field and in response develop power. A power sink is configured to be supported by the receiver enclosure and use the developed power. A power cord is configured to electrically couple the developed power to the power sink.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a partial side view of an inductive power system.

FIG. 1B illustrates one manner of coupling a receiver or transmitter to a surface.

FIG. 1C illustrates one manner of coupling a receiver or transmitter to a surface.

FIG. 2 is a partial side view of an inductive power system mounted to a window.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are bottom and side views, respectively, of a floor induction power system.

FIG. 4A and 4B are bottom and side views, respectively, of a movable floor induction power system.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of induction power furniture integration.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a transmitter for an inductive power system.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a dual-mode light bulb for an inductive power system.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an induction power receiver retrofit device.

FIG. 9 illustrates a locating system that assists the user in properly locating the transmitter relative to the receiver.

FIG. 10A schematically illustrates an ice and snow melting system powered via an induction power receiver, and FIG. 10B is a block diagram of aspects of the ice and snow melting system of FIG. 10A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An inductive power system includes an inductive power transmitter coupled to a non-conductive medium, and a power cord that electrically couples the transmitter to an AC power source. The inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power. There is an inductive power receiver coupled to the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter. The receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power. A power cord electrically couples the developed power to a power sink.

FIG. 1A shows inductive power system 1 with receiver 4 embedded in hook 3 that is configured to be coupled to window pane W. Electrical cord 5 runs from receiver 4 to a power sink (not shown). Transmitter 6 is coupled to the other side of the window pane. Electrical cord 2 supplies power to transmitter 6 from a power source such as a wall outlet (not shown).

One or both of the transmitter and receiver are coupled to (e.g., fixed to) a non-conductive medium such as a window pane or a piece of furniture. Coupling can be accomplished in a desired manner, including but not limited to those described herein. One manner uses an adhesive strip 8, FIG. 1B, that is carried by transmitter or receiver 7. Peel-away protective cover 9 can be included. To facilitate proper location of the device before use of the adhesive strip (as explained below), cover 9 can be doubled back on itself as shown. When the device is properly positioned, the free end of cover 9 can be pulled down, to peel the cover off of the adhesive so that the device can be adhered to a surface.

Another coupling option is suction cup 13, FIG. 1C, that is carried by transmitter or receiver structure 10. Suction cup 13 is stuck to non-conductive medium (e.g., glass) 11. Since a suction cup will leave the transmitter or receiver spaced from medium 11, it may be best to place the transmitter or receiver in structure 12 that is carried by structure 10 and is located as close as possible to medium 11. Structure 12 may be of a non-conductive, elastic medium such as foam rubber, a plastic spring or other elastic conveyance such that the transmitter or receiver in structure 12 is always pressed as close as possible to medium 11.

FIG. 2 illustrates wireless power transfer through glass. The induction power transmitter 21 is functionally coupled to an A/C power source via conductor 22 and is mounted on the inside of a window 25. The induction power receiver 23 is mounted to the exterior of the glass directly opposite the transmitter. The output power of the receiver is provided to the device(s) to be powered (i.e., a power sink), including but not limited to lights, via conductor 24.

Examples of the Induction Driven Lighting Innovations

A Lighted Window Wreath (an example of a power sink) uses Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology to provide energy from the interior side of a window to a Light Strand of Light Emitting Diodes (“LEDs”) ornamenting a wreath hung on the exterior side of a window.

A Lighted Window Wreath may be comprised of the following components:

A. A Wreath made of either plant material or of artificial material meant to resemble plant material.

B. An AC/DC Power Adapter (such as 12V DC 1000 mA (1A) regulated switching power adapter).

C. An Inductive Power Transmitter outfitted with a water-resistant Electrical Power Adapter (such as Female DC Power Adapter—2.1 mm jack to screw terminal block).

D. An Inductive Power Receiver outfitted with a water-resistant Electrical Power Adapter (such as Male DC Power Adapter—2.1 mm plug to screw terminal block).

E. A Light Strand comprised of water-resistant wire strung with a multiplicity of water-resistant DC powered Light Emitting Diode (“LED”) lights sufficient to adorn the Wreath and outfitted with a water-resistant electrical Power Adapter (such as Female DC Power adapter—2.1 mm jack to screw terminal block).

F. An Indoor Enclosure that contains the Inductive Power Transmitter and the Female DC Power Adapter (the “Transmitter Assembly”).

G. An Outdoor Enclosure that contains the Inductive Power Receiver and the Male DC Power Adapter (the “Receiver Assembly”) including a Hook Device sufficient to support the weight of the Wreath and the associated Outdoor Gear.

H. Temporary Adhesive sufficient to secure the Receiver Assembly to the Window Glass on the outside of the building as well as to secure the Transmitter Assembly to the Window Glass on the inside of the building.

Operation

1. The AC/DC Power Adapter (which is manufactured with a Male DC Power Plug) is connected to the Inductive Power Transmitter with Female DC Power Adapter (“Jack”) on the Transmitter Assembly to form the Window Wreath Power Assembly.

2. The Light Strand with Female DC Power Adapter (“Jack”) is connected to the Inductive Power Receiver with Male DC Power Adapter (“Plug”) on the Receiver Assembly to form the Window Wreath Lighting Assembly.

3. In the case of an Outdoor Lighted Window Wreath, the Window Wreath Lighting Assembly is used to adorn the Wreath, to support the Wreath for display and to receive power from the Window Wreath Power Assembly.

4. The Window Wreath Lighting Assembly is secured to the outside of the window using the Temporary Adhesive.

5. After securing the Window Wreath Lighting Assembly, the Window Wreath Power Assembly is secured to the inside of the window using the Temporary Adhesive.

6. In this configuration:

-   -   a. AC power is converted to DC power by the AC/DC Power Adapter         and powers the Inductive Power Transmitter on the inside of the         building     -   b. Energy from the Inductive Power Transmitter is transmitted         through the window glass and captured by the Inductive Power         Receiver on the outside of the building which in turn powers the         Light Strand of Light Emitting Diodes (“LEDs”)

Note that the transmitted power can be DC or AC. The Transmitter Assembly should be aligned along the same “X-Axis” and “Y-Axis” as the Receiver Assembly in order to assure the optimal transmittal of power from the Inductive Power Transmitter to the Inductive Power Receiver. This can be accomplished by first mounting the receiver, wreath and light strand outside and then placing the transmitter assembly inside the window while observing the brightness of the Light Strand and securing the Transmitter Assembly to the inside of the window using the Temporary Adhesive when the Light Strand is observed to be the brightest—meaning that the transmitter and receiver are properly aligned.

Additional Notes

-   1. The AC/DC Power Adapter can be a 12V DC 1000 mA (1A) regulated     switching power adapter with a 5.5 mm/2.1 mm barrel jack, positive     tip designed to work using 100V-240V AC wall power. -   2. The Inductive Power Transmitter can be designed to be powered     with 9V DC. -   3. The Inductive Power Receiver can provide a 5V DC output when the     Inductive Power Transmitter is powered with 9V to 12VDC. -   4. The spacing between and the alignment of the coils that are an     integral part of both the Inductive Power Transmitter and the     Inductive Power Receiver is significant to the performance of the     Lighted Window Wreath. For any particular pair of transmit/receive     coils, the closer the coils are the more power that can be drawn.     Also, any non-conductive material (such as glass or wood) can be     located between the coils. Power transmission is most efficient if     the coils are aligned such that they are coaxial.

Additional Aspects of the Induction-Driven Lighted Outdoor Ornamentation and Other Power Sinks

-   1. Auto-Alignment via Magnet—X-Y alignment of the transmitter and     receiver can be achieved by embedding magnets (e.g., small, powerful     magnets such as rare-earth magnets) in both the Inductive Power     Transmitter Assembly and the Inductive Power Receiver Assembly     arranged and polarized in such a way as to “automatically” attract     the “movable component” (the Transmitter) to the “stationary     component” (the Receiver) thus aligning and securing both components     by the nature of these Magnets. -   2. Alignment Via Target-and-Sight—X-Y alignment of the transmitter     and receiver can be achieved by employing a locating system for     locating the receiver relative to the transmitter comprising a     visual target on the receiver and a sighting opening on the     transmitter through which the visual target can be seen when the     transmitter is properly located relative to the receiver. This     visual target may comprise a cross-hairs symbol or light. In the     case of the latter, the light may be energized only when power is     developed by the receiver and energized only for a limited duration     sufficient to achieve alignment. -   3. Master-Slave via Bluetooth—When multiple Lighted Window Wreaths     are displayed in close proximity to one another, it may be useful to     centrally manage certain functions of all of the Wreaths, such as     turning on and off at the same time, blinking in unison or in some     pre-determined pattern, fading on and off together or in coordinated     succession, evoking the sense of a “wave” of light moving from one     Wreath to the next, and so on. -   To achieve this coordination, all the Wreaths can be connected to     one another via on-board Bluetooth circuitry. One unit among the     many in proximity will be designated the “Master” and responsible     for sending commands to the various “Slaves” nearby. -   4. Home Automation via Wi-Fi—In order to control multiple Lighted     Window Wreaths that are displayed within a building but not in close     proximity to one another, it may be useful to employ on-board Wi-Fi     circuity that would allow the Wreaths to be controlled by a Home     Automation application. -   5. Power On/Off Safety Micro Contact Switch—As much as the Lighted     Window Wreath Inductive Power Transmitter is held in place on the     inside of the window by temporary adhesive strips or other means as     described herein, it's conceivable that these strips or other means     may become ineffective and allow the Transmitter to fall away from     the window. -   To minimize the possibility that the energized Transmitter comes in     contact with any object inside the building, a power “lock-out”     switch may be incorporated into the Transmitter's circuitry. This     switch would energize the Transmitter when in contact—or nearly in     contact—with the glass and remove power from the Transmitter when     not in contact with the glass. -   6. Power On/Off Safety Proximity Sensing Circuitry—As referenced,     above, in the description of the Power On/Off Safety Micro Contact     Switch, it's conceivable that the temporary adhesive strips or the     suction cups or other means securing the Transmitter in place may     become ineffective and allow the Transmitter to fall away from the     window.

Another approach to minimize the possibility that the energized Transmitter comes in contact with any object inside the building, Proximity Sensing Circuitry may be incorporated into the Transmitter's circuitry and employed as a power “lock-out” switch. This Proximity Sensing Circuitry would energize the Transmitter when in the proximity of the Receiver and remove power from the Transmitter when not in the proximity of the Receiver.

-   7. Adhesive Strip with Flush Peel-Away—As noted previously, the     Inductive Power Transmitter and the Inductive Power Receiver should     be aligned to insure the best transfer of power through the window     glass and the brightest possible illumination of the lights. The     technique for doing this may involve placing the Transmitter     directly on the glass opposite the Receiver and moving it along the     “X-Axis” and “Y-Axis” while observing the relative brightness of the     lights. -   If the protective Peel-Away Paper of the Adhesive Strip were removed     for this process before the alignment were attempted, the     Transmitter could inadvertently become stuck to the window     unintentionally in a non-optimal spot. However, if the Peel-Away     Paper of the Adhesive Strip were “doubled back” on itself as in FIG.     1B, the user could find the optimal alignment of the Transmitter     while in direct contact with the glass and then remove the Peel-Away     Paper without jeopardizing the alignment. -   8. Trim Pot Brightness—When a single Lighted Window Wreath is     mounted and fully operational, it may be desirable to adjust the     brightness of the lights to accommodate the overall esthetic of the     decoration at that venue. Likewise, when multiple Lighted Window     Wreaths are displayed in close proximity to one another, it may be     useful to adjust the brightness of the lights among multiple wreaths     relative to one another so they more pleasingly “match” in     brightness. -   In either case, the circuitry of each Inductive Power Transmitter     could have an easily accessible “Trim Pot” to adjust the brightness     of the lights on the Wreath associated with that Transmitter. -   9. Special Lighting Effects (fade, blink, time-of-day)—The circuitry     of each Inductive Power Transmitter (e.g., a controller) could be     programmed to have certain Special Lighting Effects such as turning     on and off at a given time every day, a “blinking” mode, a “fade on     and off” mode and so on. -   The controls for these Special Lighting Effects should be easily     accessible by the user at the Inductive Power Transmitter via a user     interface (UI).

Various Form-Factors and Embodiments

-   I. Lighted Window Wreath—Currently there are three methods of     supplying electrical power to the miniature electric lights in     Lighted Window Wreaths and other outdoor ornamentation. Each of     these methods is inconvenient and inadequate. This innovation     addresses the limitations of the current methods of powering the     electric lights in a Lighted Window Wreath without batteries, solar     panel or outdoor wiring. The subject Lighted Window Wreath uses     Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology to provide energy from the     interior side of a window to a Light Strand of Light Emitting Diodes     (“LEDs”) ornamenting a wreath hung on the exterior side of a window. -   II. Lighted Window Sign—In the same way that the Lighted Window     Wreaths use Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology to provide     energy from the interior side of a window to a Light Strand of Light     Emitting Diodes (“LEDs”) ornamenting a wreath hung on the exterior     side of a window, the Lighted Window Sign uses Wireless Power     Transfer (WPT) technology to provide energy from the interior side     of a window to an electric sign hung on the exterior side of a     window. This innovation may be employed in the window of a building     or in the window of a vehicle such as a car or a truck. In an     example the inductive power receiver can be built into the sign. The     sign could be adhered to or coupled to the window, e.g., with     suction cups, temporary adhesive strips, magnets and so on. Thus,     the inductive power receiver can be integral to or separate from the     power sink. Looked at another way, the power sink can also act as a     carrier structure or enclosure for the receiver. If the receiver and     power sink are integral then there may be no need for a separate     receiver enclosure that is coupled to the window. This thinking     applies to the lighted sign as well as other power sinks disclosed     herein, including but not limited to the Lighted Wreath. -   III. Window Sill Induction Powered Electric Candles—As commercially     available today, Electric Candles that are used to adorn window     sills may be powered by battery or by a direct connection to AC     current. In the case of the former, the batteries will require     replacement periodically. In the case of the latter, unsightly wires     must run from the Electric Candle to a nearby AC outlet. -   If the windows of the building are constructed with Induction Power     Transmitter Devices hidden inside each sill, purpose-built     Induction-Powered Electric Candles need only be placed in the proper     spot on the window sill in order to receive sufficient power to     illuminate the lamp integrated in the Candles. -   IV. Floor Induction Power System—See FIGS. 3A and 3B. As will become     evident in the following examples, a Floor Induction Power System is     called for comprising an Induction Power Receiver Device that is     designed to be “paired” with an Induction Power Transmitter Device     hidden under the floor. Not only must the Transmitter and the     Receiver be aligned with one another relative to the “X” and “Y”     axis of the floor (whereas “X” and “Y” are the length and width) but     they must also be as close to one another relative to the “Z” axis     (or the thickness of the floor) as possible. For this reason, in a     building constructed with wooden floor joists and wooden     sub-flooring, the Induction Power Transmitter Device should ideally     be situated between the floor joists. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate how     a floor induction system could be installed with the transmitter 30     located on the bottom side of the subflooring 32, between adjacent     joists 33 and 34. Receiver 35 is located on the top side of the     floor and supplies power to cord 36 that leads to a power sink. -   V. Floor Induction Powered Holiday Trees—As commercially available     today, Natural or Artificial Holiday Trees are typically powered by     a direct connection to AC current, requiring that unsightly—and     potentially unsafe—wires must run from the Trees to a nearby AC     outlet. -   If the building is constructed with a Floor Induction Power System,     the purpose-built Trees—or existing Trees retrofitted with an     Induction Power Receiver—need only be placed in the proper spot on     the floor in order to receive sufficient power to illuminate the     Trees. -   VI. Floor Induction Powered Floor Lamps—As commercially available     today, Floor Lamps are typically powered by a direct connection to     AC current, requiring that unsightly—and potentially unsafe—wires     must run from the Lamp to a nearby AC outlet. -   If the building is constructed with a Floor Induction Power System,     the purpose-built Lamp—or existing Lamps retrofitted with an     Induction Power Receiver—need only be placed in the proper spot on     the floor in order to receive sufficient power to illuminate the     Lamp. -   VII. Floor Induction Powered Table Lamps—As commercially available     today, Table Lamps are typically powered by a direct connection to     AC current, requiring that unsightly—and potentially unsafe—wires     must run from the Lamp to a nearby AC outlet. -   If the building is constructed with a Floor Induction Power System,     the Lamp's Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device need only be     placed in the proper spot on the floor in order to receive     sufficient power to illuminate the Lamp. -   VIII. Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device—See FIG. 8. As     described in the previous examples, existing commercially available     Natural or Artificial Holiday Trees, Table Lamps and Floor Lamps     that are typically powered by a direct connection to AC current may     be powered by an Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device 80 that is     designed to be “paired” with the Induction Power Transmitter Device     hidden under the floor. -   If the building is constructed with a Floor Induction Power System,     the Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device 80 need only be placed     in the proper spot on the floor in order to receive sufficient power     via receiver coil 81 to illuminate the existing Trees or Lamps. -   Standard mains power electrical outlet 82 can be included so that     the power sink can be plugged into the power outlet of device 80,     regardless of the power voltage, amperage, DC or AC delivered at the     power outlet. -   IX. Dual-Mode LED Light Bulb—See FIG. 7, which is a conceptual,     non-limiting example. The aforementioned innovations teach that     commercially available Table Lamps and Floor Lamps that are     typically powered by a direct connection to AC current may also be     powered by an Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device that is     designed to be “paired” with the Induction Power Transmitter Device     hidden under the floor. These Lamps are typically designed to use     incandescent, fluorescent or LED light bulbs that require 110 VAC to     operate. -   In the event that it not practical for the Induction Power System     described in the previous examples to deliver 110 VAC, it may be     necessary to replace the light bulbs in the Lamps with a Dual-Mode     Light Bulb 70 that can operate equally as well on 110 VAC as on the     voltage delivered by the Induction Power System. A dual-mode light     bulb may have separate LEDs that are designed to be powered at     separate voltages, together with voltage detecting and switching     apparatus. Or, one LED device may be enabled to operate at different     voltages, in which case the voltage detecting and switching may not     be needed. Likewise, one LED device may be enabled to operate at     different voltages, utilizing voltage detecting, switching and     transformer circuitry in order to match the voltage being received     to the proper voltage needed to power the LED device. LED devices 73     and 74 that are commercially available today are known for producing     lumens (brightness) comparable to incandescent light bulbs while     consuming considerably less power and may serve as an ideal     candidate. This purpose-built Dual-Mode LED Light Bulb would employ     internal circuitry (voltage detector 71 and controller 72) to detect     the voltage being delivered to it and switch automatically to the     appropriate mode; either that of the typical 110 VAC “house current”     for one lighting device or that of the electrical current being     delivered by the Induction Power Receiver Retrofit Device as part in     a whole System for the other lighting device. -   X. Traveling Induction Power Transmitter Track—See FIGS. 4A and 4B.     As described previously, the Floor Induction Power System comprises     an Induction Power Receiver Device 46 (with output power cord 47)     that is designed to be “paired” with the Induction Power Transmitter     Device 40 (with input power cord 41) hidden under the floor.

In the event that the Induction Power Transmitter Device is mounted in a fixed location between the floor joists, the Receiver must be placed in only one location on the floor above in order to work properly. The innovation of the Traveling Induction Power Transmitter Track teaches that a remotely-controlled, motorized track 42 enables the Transmitter 40 to move along the entire length of the gap between the floor joists 44 and 45. The ability to move is schematically depicted by a wheeled conveyance, but movement can be accomplished in any desired fashion. This arrangement allows the Receiver to be placed anywhere along the entire length of the axis along which the floor joists run, enabling much greater utility to the placement of the associated Lamps.

-   XI. Induction Power Furniture Integration—As described previously,     the Induction Power System includes an Induction Power Receiver     Device that is designed to be “paired” with the Induction Power     Transmitter Device hidden under the floor. Various tables—end     tables, night tables, coffee tables, and so on—may be created with     an Induction Power Receiver Device (“secondary coil”) within and     flush to the floor in order to receive power from the Induction     Power Transmitter Device (“primary coil”) hidden under the floor.     The power thus received is sent to an Induction Power Transmitter     Device (“primary coil”) hidden under the Table Top in order to power     an Induction Powered Light (or another electronic device) atop the     Table. See FIG. 5 for an example of induction power furniture     integration, wherein induction power transmitter 50 supplied with     power over cord 51 is located below floor 53 and receiver 52 is     located just above the floor. The output of receiver 52 is provided     over conductor 54 to induction power transmitter 55 that is located     just below tabletop 57. Induction power receiver 56 located above     the table top receives the energy and provides it to a sink 59     (e.g., lighting) over cord 58. -   XII. Induction Powered Reading Lamp—The Induction Powered Reading     Lamp is a portable lamp that includes a secondary coil of an     inductive coupling and receives its power when positioned on the     Induction Power furniture (as described, above) proximate the upper     surface and above the primary coil.     As mentioned previously, the innovations taught herein can also be     applied to other form-factors and embodiments beyond powering     electric lights. Other power sinks that can be supplied with power     include but are not limited to sound-generating devices, mechanical     devices, security devices, a lamp, a sign, a lighted window wreath,     an electric candle, a floor lamp, a table lamp, electric components     of a medical laboratory specimen drop/lock box, a heating element, a     wireless transceiver, a video camera, a cooling element, an     electrically-powered outdoor appliance, an electric insect killer,     and electrically-powered lawn and garden ornamentation.

Additional Form-Factors and Embodiments

-   XIII. Window Induction Powered Temperature Controlled Medical     Laboratory Specimen Drop/Lock Box—In medicine, a laboratory specimen     is a biological specimen taken by sampling, that is, gathered matter     of a medical patient's tissue, fluid, or other material derived from     the patient used for laboratory analysis to assist differential     diagnosis or staging of a disease process. Common examples include     throat swabs, sputum, urine, blood, surgical drain fluids and tissue     biopsies. -   Typically, these laboratory specimens are left outside a doctor's     office in a plain steel box for a laboratory driver to pick up from     the doctor's office and deliver to the laboratory for analysis.     These boxes may be floor-mounted, wall-mounted or door-hanging in     design. -   The importance of maintaining an acceptable temperature range for     these samples while in the drop/lock box is critical to the efficacy     of the laboratory analysis to be performed. Often, to maintain     specimen integrity passively, these boxes will be constructed with     an EPS foam lining. However, under extreme heat and cold conditions,     active temperature control may be called for; cooling when the     interior temperature exceeds a given threshold or heating when the     interior temperature falls below a given threshold. For cooling,     this may involve an electric fan. For heating, this may require a     heating coil. Alternatively, heating and/or cooling can be     accomplished with a thermoelectric device that employs the Peltier     effect and uses a solid-state device to create the heating/cooling.     In either case, a thermostat may be required to control either the     electric fan or the heating coil (collectively, the “Electric     Components”). -   This innovation addresses the limitations of the current methods of     powering the Electric Components in a Temperature Controlled Medical     Laboratory Specimen Drop/Lock Box without batteries or outdoor AC     wiring. -   In the same way that the Lighted Window Wreaths uses Wireless Power     Transfer (WPT) technology to provide energy from the interior side     of a window to a Light Strand of Light Emitting Diodes (“LEDs”)     ornamenting a wreath hung on the exterior side of a window, the     Window Induction Powered Temperature Controlled Medical Laboratory     Specimen Drop/Lock Box can be the power sink in a Wireless Power     Transfer (WPT) system to provide energy from the interior side of a     window to the Electric Components of a Medical Laboratory Specimen     Drop/Lock Box on the exterior of the building.

FIG. 6 details inductive power transmitter 60. Note that the receiver may include the same components (with a receiver rather than a transmitter), or not. Power is supplied or provided to the power cord. Transformer 63 may be included if the power needs to be changed, either from/to AC or DC, or up/down in voltage. Trim pot 69, proximity sensor 66, wireless communications module 67, user interface 64, contact switch 65, and magnet 68 can be included as desired or needed and as described elsewhere herein. Controller 62 can control any necessary aspects of the system.

As described above, the transmitter needs to be properly located relative to the receiver so that power is developed in the receiver. The transmitter and receiver together can include a locating system. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the locating system 100 comprises a cross-hairs symbol 108 (or other such visual target) on the receiver enclosure 106 facing the non-conductive medium (not shown) and a sighting opening 104 on the transmitter enclosure 102. Opening 104 is configured such that a user can view the cross-hairs symbol or other such visual target, thus providing a means for the transmitter and the receiver to be optimally aligned. In another example the visual target is a light rather than a cross-hair or other visible mark. In some examples this light is only energized when power from the transmitter is initially received, and remains lit (e.g., via the controller) only for a limited duration deemed sufficient to achieve optimal alignment.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an example in which the power sink is a heating element that can be used to melt snow/ice, e.g., on a building roof or rain gutter. FIG. 10A illustrates the outdoor aspects of system 120. Inductive power receiver 122 is located on window 121. Heating element 126 is located in building rain gutter 128. Electrical cord 124 carries power from receiver 122 to heating element 126. In some aspects of this example the heating element is configured to be affixed to a mounting surface on the exterior of a building. The mounting surface can be the rain gutter where icicles would tend to form. The means of affixing the heating element to the mounting surface could employ a series of clips (not shown). In some examples the heating element is segmented into two or more segments (three segments 130, 131, and 132 illustrated) such that the energy needed to raise the temperature of the mounting surface above freezing would be matched with the energy received, under control of a controller in the receiver or in the heating element. Each linear heating segment would be wired to the receiver as an individual power sink. The heating element segments would be strung together to form the totality of the linear heating element. The receiving circuitry would be configured such that the time (duration) that any individual heating element segment is energized would be sufficient only to raise that segment above the freezing point, as determined by a temperature sensor. The receiving circuitry can also be configured such that after the aforementioned time (duration), the circuitry would switch to another heating element segment. The receiving circuitry could likewise be configured such that feedback from the individual heating element segment is captured by the receiving circuitry indicating that the segment was energized sufficiently to raise that segment above the freezing point. The receiving circuitry could likewise be configured such that after receiving the aforementioned feedback, the circuitry would switch to another heating element segment.

FIG. 10B illustrates functional aspects of system 120. Inductive power receiver 122 includes controller 140 that receives temperature information from temperature detector 142. In an example the temperature of the heating element is related to its resistance. In this case the controller can be used to track the resistance of the currently-energized heating segment and transfer power to another heating segment when the temperature reaches a desired setpoint. At least in part based on the sensed temperature(s), controller 140 controls power provided to heating elements 1-3 (130, 131, and 132). Controller is thus effective to efficiently use the available power developed by induction from the transmitter while helping to melt snow/ice.

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that additional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the inventive concepts described herein, and, accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An inductive power system, comprising: an inductive power transmitter in a transmitter enclosure that is configured to be fixed to a first side of a non-conductive medium; a power cord that is configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source; wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power; an inductive power receiver in a receiver enclosure that is configured to be fixed to a second, opposed side of the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter by the non-conductive medium, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power; and electrical wiring that is configured to electrically couple the developed power to a power sink that uses the developed power.
 2. The inductive power system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the transmitter enclosure and the receiver enclosure is configured to be fixed to the non-conductive medium by an adhesive strip.
 3. The inductive power system of claim 2, further comprising a peel-away protective cover on the adhesive strip, wherein the cover is doubled back on itself such that when the transmitter enclosure or the receiver enclosure is positioned and in close proximity to or in direct contact with the non-conductive medium, a free end of the cover can be pulled down, to peel the cover off of the adhesive so that the transmitter enclosure or the receiver enclosure can be adhered to the non-conductive medium.
 4. The inductive power system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter enclosure is configured to be located under a floor of a structure.
 5. The inductive power system of claim 4, wherein the transmitter enclosure is configured to be located between floor joists that are under the floor.
 6. The inductive power system of claim 5, further comprising a system to move the transmitter enclosure.
 7. The inductive power system of claim 6, wherein the system to move the transmitter enclosure comprises a track that is configured to enable the transmitter enclosure to move along a length of a gap between the floor joists.
 8. The inductive power system of claim 7, wherein the system to move the transmitter enclosure further comprises a wheeled conveyance that is configured to move along the track and carries the transmitter enclosure.
 9. The inductive power system of claim 4, further comprising a power retrofit device that comprises a standard mains power electrical outlet that is electrically coupled to the receiver, wherein the power sink can be plugged into the standard mains power electrical outlet.
 10. The inductive power system of claim 1, wherein the power sink comprises at least one of a lamp, a sign, a lighted window wreath, an electric candle, a floor lamp, a table lamp, electric components of a medical laboratory specimen drop/lock box, a heating element, a wireless transceiver, a video camera, a cooling element, an electrically-powered outdoor appliance, an electric insect killer, and electrically-powered lawn and garden ornamentation.
 11. The inductive power system of claim 1, wherein the receiver enclosure comprises or is carried by or within the power sink.
 12. An inductive power system, comprising: an inductive power transmitter configured to be fixed to a first side of a translucent or clear non-conductive medium; a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source; wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power; an inductive power receiver configured to be fixed to a second, opposed side of the non-conductive medium and separated from the transmitter by the non-conductive medium, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field after it has passed through the non-conductive medium and in response develop power; a power cord that is configured to electrically couple the developed power to a power sink that uses the developed power; and a locating system for locating the transmitter relative to the receiver, the locating system comprising a visual target on the receiver and a sighting opening on the transmitter through which the visual target can be seen when the transmitter is properly located relative to the receiver such that the receiver is able to develop power.
 13. The inductive power system of claim 12, wherein the visual target comprises a cross-hairs symbol.
 14. The inductive power system of claim 12, wherein the visual target comprises a light.
 15. The inductive power system of claim 14, wherein the light is energized only when power is developed by the receiver, and the light is energized only for a limited duration.
 16. The inductive power system of claim 12, wherein the power sink comprises a heating element.
 17. The inductive power system of claim 12, wherein the power sink comprises a lighted wreath.
 18. An inductive power system, comprising: an inductive power transmitter that is configured to be coupled to a surface of a building; a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source; wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power; an inductive power receiver that is configured to be coupled to an opposed building surface directly opposite the transmitter and that is configured to receive the electromagnetic field and in response develop power; and a heating element that is configured to be electrically coupled to the developed power.
 19. The inductive power system of claim 18, wherein the heating element is configured to be coupled to an exterior of a building and operated so as to melt snow or ice.
 20. The inductive power system of claim 19, wherein the heating element is segmented into a plurality of separately-energized heating segments.
 21. The inductive power system of claim 20, wherein each heating segment is configured to be energized until it reaches a set-point temperature above the freezing point.
 22. The inductive power system of claim 21, further comprising a control element that is configured to sequentially switch power between heating segments as the heating segments reach the set-point temperature.
 23. An inductive power system, comprising: an inductive power transmitter configured to be coupled to a surface of a building; a power cord configured to electrically couple the transmitter to an AC power source inside of the building; wherein the inductive power transmitter is configured to emit an electromagnetic field based on the received AC power; a receiver enclosure that is configured to be coupled to an opposed building surface directly opposite the transmitter; an inductive power receiver located within the receiver enclosure, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic field and in response develop power; a power sink that is configured to be supported by the receiver enclosure and use the developed power; and a power cord that is configured to electrically couple the developed power to the power sink. 